MRC Sidokar People that are very advanced can directly translate melodies and harmonies into keys to press but that would be a very small fraction of the amateur pianists and it takes years of practice. Maybe not so many years of practice: Ithaca My children are both able to transpose most songs they play into almost any key. (Even the one who plays poorly and essentially quit a few years ago.) To me this seems like magic, but their teacher said it's a common skill. If you can transpose, you are directly translating melodies and harmonies into keys to press.
MRC Here's a sample of what is inflicted on music students in France. You're not meant to play it, or sing it, you speak the names of the notes in the written rhythm.